Formation and Repair of Tobacco Carcinogen-Derived Bulky DNA Adducts

Formation and Repair of Tobacco Carcinogen-Derived Bulky DNA Adducts
By Hang
This article is about how they are coming up with a way to rebuild the DNA function of active smokers and second hand smokers. To somehow prevent farer more relate cancer, and other diseases that cause of the death rise in the second hand and active smokers. They have found four different types of smoke that they have classified so far as: mainstream smoke (MSS), sidestream smoke (SHS), SHS mixture of about 85% of SSS and 15% of exhaled MSS, and thirdhand smoke (THS). They have been studying in the last 50 years to identify the different types of chemical toxicants in cigarette smoke which all react with DNA to form adducts. Also, of this I learn of that tobacco smoke provides a unique model for understanding the cause-effect or environment-gene relationship in smoking-related cancer development. It shown that cigarette smokers have higher levels of DNA adducts than nonsmokers. Found out that association between the in vivo levels of DNA adducts resulting from cigarette smoke and the occurrence of tobacco-related cancers in lings, head and neck, and bladder. There is a ranging of sugar damage cause from the tobacco carcinogens generate of the spectrum of the DNA lesions, and DNA crosslinks and strand breaks. The bulky DNA is formed by the covalent binding of those chemical carcinogens with large size. If unrepaired of the DNA adducts it may block replication and transcription. There is only a single DNA adduct that effectively block expression of a reporter gene. This does not just only represent a very early event by inducing specific genetic changes that are prerequisite to the initiation of cancer, but also occur during the continuum of the carcinogenic process. It can lead to nucleotide misincorporation that causes gene mutations. In the p53 gene is the more common mutation in lung cancers from smoker than nonsmokers. In one of the figure in the article show a diagram of how to correct repairs the tobacco carcinogens in the DNA so that no mutation can occur therefore any cancer. But the best way to avoid all of that of repairing of your DNA is to just quit smoking and avoid being around people that does smoke. The NER is a major pathway for the repair of various duplex-distorting bulky DNA lesions such as by PAHs. In studies of the last decade have revealed that if a DNA adduct is unrepaired or irreparable cells may use translesion DNA synthesis to bypass adduct the to ensure the continuum of DNA replication. Farer in the article we find out that in the last two decades considerable progress has been made in understanding the specificity mechanism of action, and in vivo importance of many repair enzymes and pathways. There are many excellent reiviews specifically related to the complete process as well as specific repair pathways that restore DNA to its normal state. There are also trying find a way to for that of leukemia to of that of the cell in the body and DNA to repair.
I pick this because it got my eye and it something different that of out here in the science word of life. To try to and repaired DNA and help to prevent farer more people to die of secondhand smoke and of the ones that smoke and of the dieseses that are cause by it also. Something new that us as humans are doing to keep people alive a little more longer. But I am a little confress on how we will be able to really get to the DNA and repair all threw DNA in a person? That is a question that will for ever be in the back of my head. That do we have the time to go threw a long strem of DNA a each person.

Racquita Dukes